Railroad Museum of Virginia

[nw-mailing-list at nwhs.org]

I was aware of the ACI system and it's eventual demise, but I don't know anything about the replacement.  Gordon, could you elaborate on the microwave system?  What is the 'visible' evidence of it (I.e. trackside sensors, funny-looking warts on the car side, etc)?  Does it only identify the car, or is it writable so it can identify the contents?  Thanks.

It's amazing that no one expected dirt buildup on the labels would impact the optical readers (or what is more likely, the persons who did suspect it weren't listened to!)

John Samples

From: nw-mailing-list at nwhs.org
Date: 2006/11/01 Wed PM 10:07:23 CST
To: "NW Mailing List" <nw-mailing-list at nwhs.org>
Subject: Re: Railroad Museum of Virginia

Viewing this caboose brought back memories to me.  If one looks closely to 
the right of the "NW" one can see a painted-over ACI (Automatic Car 
Identification) label.  Many of you can remember seeing these colored labels 
on both sides of equipment in years gone by, or in old photos from that era. 
In this Sylvania developed system, each stripe was coded in red, blue and/or 
white.

Reading up from the bottom, the first stripe was a "start" stripe, and the 
next four stripes represented the reporting marks (0550 as assigned by the 
AAR for the N & W as best I remember), the next six stripes represented the 
equipment number (518666 in this case) and the penultimate stripe was a 
check digit that was a mathematical derivation of all of the other numbers. 
The last stripe at the top was a "stop" stripe.

The stripes were retroreflective, meaning that they reflected a light from a 
scanner straight back into the scanner.  Each wayside scanner used a fast 
vertically rotating (1750 rpm as best I remember) wheel with multi-faceted 
mirrors on its periphery that reflected a internally generated beam of light 
to scan the label from bottom to top several times even at high train speeds 
past the scanner.  The light was reflected back into the scanner where 
sensors detected the red, blue or white codes and converted these into the 
reporting marks and equipment number.  This information could be used by a 
railroad to determine the identification of each piece of equipment in a 
train.

Although initial tests verified the technical proficiency of the system 
before it was mandated by the AAR, after about 1-1/4 million cars had been 
equipped, experience revealed that the read rate in service was less than 
expected because of dirt buildup on the labels as well as occasional label 
damage.

I served on an AAR Technical Task Force to see what could be done to improve 
this optical system.  We considered several possible solutions without 
sufficient success.

The AAR then formed a Task Force for New Concepts in ACI.  I served on this 
committee also, and we considered all known systems for equipment 
identification, finally narrowing the search to a system using microwave 
scanners to interrogate passive responders on the equipment.  This is the 
system that was subsequently adopted by the AAR, and is currently in use, 
having replaced the optical system after tens of millions of dollars had 
been spent on the latter.

A little bit of history for those who have wondered about these colorful 
labels.

Gordon Hamilton


----- Original Message ----- 
From: <nw-mailing-list at nwhs.org>
To: <nw-mailing-list at nwhs.org>
Sent: Wednesday, November 01, 2006 9:48 PM
Subject: Re: Railroad Museum of Virginia



> Picture attached: Norfolk & Western C31P caboose 518666 in

> downtown Portsmouth, VA.

>

> Jerry Kay, Portsmouth

>

>



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